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Turkey --- Turkey --- History --- History

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Turkey --- History

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This Working Paper presents a cross-Directorate Report on the economic, budgetary, regulatory and urbanpolicy implications of the earthquakes which struck the Marmara and Bolu areas of Turkey on 17 August and 12 November 1999. The earthquakes caused high casualties and significant material damage to property, with severe effects on economic activity. The Report traces the factors underlying Turkey’s vulnerability to earthquake damage, along a known active fault line, to deficiencies in risk identification procedures and risk-reduction methods, as well as to the absence of risk transfer and financing techniques. It suggests that these deficiencies may stem from the nature of recent Turkish economic development, which has been driven by the need to assimilate a mass migration from the countryside to the cities and has been associated with extremely high and variable inflation. Ensuring a more orderly future development requires both an overhaul of governance structures in ...

Economics --- Turkey

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En août 1997, le gouvernement de la Turquie, grâce au vote par le Parlement de la Loi n°4306 relative à l’enseignement de base, s’est doté de moyens considérablement accrus pour porter à huit ans la scolarité obligatoire. Cette loi prévoit l’investissement d’importantes ressources dans les installations scolaires, grâce à la mise en réserve de recettes fiscales, la mise au point d’un calendrier pour le programme d’enseignement de base et la rationalisation des procédures afin de permettre une action et une mise en œuvre rapides.

Education --- Turkey

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This Working Paper presents a cross-Directorate Report on the economic, budgetary, regulatory and urbanpolicy implications of the earthquakes which struck the Marmara and Bolu areas of Turkey on 17 August and 12 November 1999. The earthquakes caused high casualties and significant material damage to property, with severe effects on economic activity. The Report traces the factors underlying Turkey’s vulnerability to earthquake damage, along a known active fault line, to deficiencies in risk identification procedures and risk-reduction methods, as well as to the absence of risk transfer and financing techniques. It suggests that these deficiencies may stem from the nature of recent Turkish economic development, which has been driven by the need to assimilate a mass migration from the countryside to the cities and has been associated with extremely high and variable inflation. Ensuring a more orderly future development requires both an overhaul of governance structures in ...

Economics --- Turkey